29.5 cm (w) x 21 cm (h), biro on grey paper.

This drawing was done on-site at a stretch of West Beach with a long row of sand-hills, which is not easily accessible by road. It is probably because of this, that they are still largely untouched by people, and feel more part of the free wild world, rather than being part of a suburban area. I suppose most beaches feel more part of the free wild world than part of a suburban area anyway, because they are on the edge of a great, mysterious, watery wilderness.

Beaches are constantly being “renewed” with each tide, and offer views which could have been very similar (or almost identical) had we been around millions of years ago. There is an immediate freshness about the sea, and yet also a strong timelessness.

As with many drawings that I’ve done, I’ve tried to suggest space and structure with repeated lines following the contours of the forms - often drawing a form as if a grid has been drawn over its real surfaces. I have also used repeated structural lines to indicate an invisible but felt structure, like the space within the sky. In this drawing, I’ve used grids on the ground and sand-hills. Using light repeated lines, I’ve tried to indicate the ‘perceived perspective’ and ‘structure’ within the sky as well.

Drawing Using Biros

I have always enjoyed using biros for drawing. Once the ink is dry (usually very quickly), it doesn’t smudge like pencil marks do. I don’t have to keep sharpening the point of a biro. The point doesn’t get slowly blunt and produce thicker, softer lines. One can still achieve a range of marks and lines with a biro - light lines, heavy lines, deliberate lines, quick lines, dots, dashes, shading using hatching and squiggles, etc. Biro doesn’t erase very well, so I have never bothered with any eraser. Therefore, my materials are fairly minimal - a piece of paper, a firm support (usually a portable drawing board) and a biro pen. This is a very efficient combination of materials for recording ideas and drawings; cheap, simple, and can be quite quick (which is very important when working outdoors from the real world, that is forever changing).

I started using blue coloured biros for all of my biro drawings, probably because I used blue biros for most of my writing when I was at school. I found the quality of the blue ink to feel better to work with for some reason than the black, red, green or purple biro inks.

While living at West Beach in South Australia between 1982 and 1986, I found some smooth grey A4 sized paper that worked very well as a base for my biro drawings. I usually drew on-site, outside in bright light and the grey paper was far less blinding to use than white paper. I also found the combination of the blue ink on grey paper to be aesthetically pleasing.

When I wanted to work on larger drawings though, such as “Self Portrait in Biro”, I had to revert to using white paper. When using white paper, I started using black biros more and more.

When looking at the world around me, I am often inspired by 2 main things:

1. the way that things are illuminated and coloured (usually by sunlight), appreciating the world in a similar manner to the Impressionist artists, and

2. inspired by the three-dimensional structures that can be enjoyed using the excellent stereo vision most of us have.

With most of my biro drawings, I find myself trying to express the three-dimensional forms and spaces that I can see (and feel). Biro drawings can efficiently and accurately capture the outlines of forms, but they are not really suitable for capturing colours or extensive tonal relationships. I therefore found it a lot more efficient to draw in ‘imagined cross-sectional’ lines, or ‘imagined contour lines’.

Imagined Contour Lines and Imagined Grids

‘Imagined contour lines’ indicate the cross-sectional shapes of the various forms, the orientation of the surfaces to the viewer, and may set up ‘rhythms of flow’ within the depictions of forms. These lines are ‘felt’ from looking at the real forms and are considered by me to be extremely important for the accurate expression of the forms experienced. Even though some forms may have rings around their forms, there may be many situations where those rings are not what is really required for the appropriate expression of the forms, especially at junctions. I have found that the contour lines need to be drawn with high precision, and with quite a bit of experimentation. The end results are ‘felt’ back by me and compared to the real forms. Fine adjustments and changes are often required.

The use of ‘imagined contour lines’ subsequently led to adding ‘imagined grids’ to various surfaces, or even various spaces.

These imagined contour lines and imagined grids make up part of my unique expressions of forms and spaces. Many of my biro drawings contain imagined contour lines and/or imagined grids. Here are some examples: